Polish, as I understand it

Chować is the verb to hide, but it can be used to say you are putting something inside something else. Wkładam piwo do lodówki is another way of saying it. Wkładać is to put something inside something without the extra meaning of hiding. Back to Chować. Chować is the imperfective form     chowam coś przed kimś     -     to hide something from someone     chować coś      ... przed e mną     -     from me     [instrumental]                                   ... przed tobą     -     from you                              ... przed nim     -     from him                         ...

More a note for myself on useful vocabulary for consultations concerning bacterial conjunctivitis. Bakteryjne     -     neuter nom sing     -     bacterial zapalenie     -     inflammation.  Used before a part of the body =  -itis suffix  spojówka     -     conjunctiva spojówek     -     gen plural of spojówka wydzielina ropna     -     purulent discharge wydzielina     -      discharge ropna     -     purulent sklejenie brzegów powiek     -     edges of eyelids sticking together sklejać     -     to glue / stick together brzeg     -     edge brzegów     -     gen plural of brzeg powieka     -     eyelid powieki     -     eyelids powiek     -     gen plural of powieka Rega...

A stumbling block for me with a few languages is correct use of -ing words. I'm not au fait with all the terminology, so couldn't confidently say what a gerund thing, verbal noun or adverbial participle is.  I have a loose grasp, but I intend to tighten that and get to grips with -ing words in Polish. Recently, I used a verbal noun where I shouldn't.  So let's look at verbal nouns first , seeing as I was so quick to reach for one. The one I erroneously used was czekanie , the verbal noun of czekać - to wait - formed by taking the stem of czek a ć and adding the suffix -anie .  As far as I can see, a verbal noun is  the gerund form of a verb. Bear in mind that some verbs rarely form the verbal noun, but use a different noun instead So, when do we use these gerund forms / verbal nouns? Some examples: Polecił coś do czytania     -     He recommended something to read (literal:... something for reading) Co tu jest do jedzenia ?     - ...

 A passage from Tysiąc Okętów Chapter 8          Penelopa "Drogi mężu,     czy to możliwe, że minęło dziesięć długich lat, od kiedy wypłynąłeś z Itaki, by dołączyć do Agamemnona i innych greckich królów w ich haniebnej wyprawie, aby sprowadzić Helenę z powrotem z Troi?" mąż - husband; vocative: mężu możliwy - possible; neuter: możliwe minąć - pf verb - to pass (by)/ elapse; 3rd person neuter past tense: minęło długi - long; genitive długich lata - years; genitive: lat od     -     from / since kiedy     -     when wypłynąć     -     pf verb, to set sail / sail out wypłynąłeś     -     you set sail Itaka     -     Ithaca; genitive: Itaki by     -     in order to     (synonyms: aby / żeby) dołączyć     -     to join ich     -     their haniebny     -     disgrace...